What Is the Simple Definition of Corruption
In general, corruption can refer to someone`s act or process, or something that becomes corrupt, corrupt, or humiliated. The New Testament, in keeping with the tradition of ancient Greek thought, also openly acknowledges the corruption of the world (ὁ κόσμος)[148] and claims to offer a way to keep the “immaculate spirit of the world.” [149] Paul of Tarsus recognizes that his readers must inevitably “deal with the world,”[150] and advises them to adopt an attitude of “as if it were not” in all their actions. In Kenya, farmers blame corruption for low agricultural productivity and are therefore less likely to take soil protection measures to prevent soil erosion and nutrient loss. In Benin, mistrust of the government due to perceived corruption has led smallholder farmers to refuse to adapt to climate change measures. [39] Corruption in the health sector poses a significant threat to the common good. [96] It is widespread and yet little has been published in medical journals on the subject, and as of 2019 there is no evidence of what could reduce corruption in the health sector. [97] Corruption occurs in both the private and public health sectors and can take the form of theft, embezzlement, nepotism, bribery, extortion, or undue influence. [98] and occurs throughout the sector, whether in service delivery, purchasing, construction or leasing. In 2019, Transparency International described the 6 most common types of service corruption as follows: absenteeism, informal patient payments, embezzlement, bloating of services, as well as the cost of services, favoritism, and data manipulation (billing for goods and services that were never sent or performed). [99] Corruption in education is a global phenomenon.
Corruption in university admission has always been considered one of the most corrupt areas of the education sector. [69] Recent attempts in some countries, such as Russia and Ukraine, to combat admission corruption by abolishing university entrance exams and introducing standardized computer-based tests have elicited negative reactions from some parts of society,[70] while others welcome the change. Vouchers for freshmen never materialized. [71] The price of corruption is that it hinders sustainable economic growth. [71] Specifically, corruption may refer to the modification of a word or text in a manner different from its original or intended form. A number of indicators and tools have been developed to measure various forms of corruption with increasing accuracy. [8] [9] But if this is not practical, one study suggests considering body fat as a rough guideline after finding that obesity of cabinet ministers in post-Soviet states is strongly correlated with more accurate measures of corruption. [10] [11] In particular, non-disclosure of the names of recipients of bribes on tax returns was a powerful tool of legal corruption for German companies in the 1990s, allowing them to block foreign jurisdictions designed to fight corruption in their countries.